Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. The . [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. List of Top 10 Most Brutal Dictators in Modern History - History Lists Pros and Cons of Dictatorships | Vision Launch Media In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Imelda Marcos. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Italy's Mussolini. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Which countries have dictatorship government? - Sage-Answers For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. [1]:70. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas List of dictatorship countries? - Answers Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Countries which under military dictatorship right now A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos 2. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. " Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? - Quora [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. Source by babeltravel. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. dictatorship country - Alex Becker Marketing [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Venezuela has a presidential government. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships Political system - Dictatorship | Britannica The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Who Are The Dictators of Latin America? - The Hague Peace Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. 31 Synonyms & Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP - Merriam-Webster [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . [1] On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. Military dictatorship | Military Wiki | Fandom The Deadliest Dictator Regimes In History - WorldAtlas Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. The legislature must be popularly elected. Abstract. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Syria - Well, it depends. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. Laos (since 1975) As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. #SOSCuba. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion.