WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). In Western Maryland, Lees efforts came to head with the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War at Antietam. Yes No An official form of the United States government. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. SHOP [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of The barracks were so filthy and infested that the commission claimed, nothing but fire can cleanse them.". Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. Join us July 13-16! Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. Harris (2011) pp. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. Every purchase supports the mission. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of This is a PowerPoint lecture. [23] At this time the legislature seems to have wanted to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors.[24]. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" Salisbury University, 1991). Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. ", Schearer, Michael. [citation needed] This last provision diminished the power of the small counties where the majority of the state's large former slave population lived. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). The city was in panic. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was The earthworks were removed by 1869. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. He has been concealed for more than six months. Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. [53] Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3.
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